Review Sheet
Physical Geology Test 2
This is a help for you to study for the test. This is not
necessarily all that the test will cover. This is the bulk of the
material covered. If it was in lecture or is in your book it is
fair game for questions on the test.
Weathering and Soils
Terms:
Disintegration, decomposition, spheroidal weathering,
exfoliation, soil, regolith, humus, loam, hardpan,
caliche, bauxite, pedon.
Concepts:
- Weathering of rock.
- Chemical vs. physical weathering.
- Types of physical weathering, frost action, abrasion, pressure
release, etc.
- Types of chemical weathering, oxidation, hydrolysis,
dissolution, etc.
- Rate of weathering of materials.
- Soil profile, O, A, E, B, C horizons
- Residual vs. transported soils.
- Soil and climate, pedalfer, pedocal, laterites.
- Controls of soil formation.
Sedimentary Rocks
Terms:
Sediment, Clast, Detrital,
Fissility, Carbonate
Concepts:
- How do roundness and sorting relate to sediment transport?
- What is Wentworth's Clastic Scale?
- How do rocks become lithified? Compaction, Cementation,
Crystallization
- What are the types of Sedimentary Rocks? Clastic, Biochemical,
Biogenic, Chemical.
- What are the various types of sandstones? Quartz sandstone,
Arkose, Graywacke.
- What are the various ways limestone can form? Fossiliferous
Limestone, Coquina, Chalk, Oolitic Limestone, Micrite.
- How can dolostone form? Primary, Secondary - Diagenetic
alteration.
- What are the various Evaporite Sedimentary Rocks? Rock Salt,
Rock Gypsum, Limestone.
- What are the various stages of coal formation? Peat - Lignite
- Bituminous coal - Anthracite coal
- What are the various Sedimentary Structures? Bedding,
Laminations, Stratification, Cross-bedding, Graded bedding,
Mud cracks, Ripple marks - asymmetrical, symmetrical, fossils.
- What do Sedimentary Rocks tell the Geologist?
- What are the various depositional environments for Sedimentary
Rocks? Continental - Glacial, Alluvial fan, Fluvial,
Lacustrine, Eolian, Desert; Shoreline - Delta, Beach, Barrier
Island, Lagoon, Tidal Flat; Marine - Shallow marine, Reef,
Deep marine, Turbidity current.
Metamorphic Rocks
Terms:
Aureole, Zeolite, Greenschist,
Foliation, Hornfels, Amphibolite,
Migmatite, Blueschist, Granulite,
Cleavage, Schistosity, Gneissic banding,
Concepts:
- What are the various agents of change in metamorphism? Heat,
Pressure, Chemical Activity.
- What are the metamorphic processes? Recrystallization, New
minerals, Mineral orientation, Mineral segregation.
- What are the types of pressure in metamorphism? Directed,
Confining.
- What are the types of foliation?
- What are the types of Metamorphism? Contact, Regional.
- Metasomatism is what? What are Hydrothermal processes?
- What is metamorphic facies? What are the various facies?
- What are the various index minerals for metamorphic rocks?
Mass Wastage
Terms:
Mass wastage, Slide, Rotational Slump,
Flow, Slump, Landslide,
Slip, Solifluction, Avalanche,
Fall, Creep,
Concepts:
- What are the controlling factors of mass wastage?
- What are the various types of mass wastage?
- How can you prevent mass wastage? What are some of the
preventive measures?
- How does water play a part in mass wastage?
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