Mass Wastage

1. Relief = slope angle
2. The Material
3. Vibrations
4. Vegetation
5. Addition of Weight
6. Water
   1. Cohesion
   2. Pore Pressure
7. Angle of Repose

Types of Mass Wastage

1. Slow movement
   1. Creep
      • Cause of Creep
        1. Freeze and Thaw
        2. Wetting and Drying
        3. Heating and Cooling
   2. Solifluction
2. Landslides
   1. Flows
      1. Earthflow
      2. Mudflow
   2. Slides
      1. Rock Slides
      2. Debris Slides
         • Slump
   3. Fall
      1. Rockfall -Talus slope
      2. Debris fall

Methods of Prevention

1. Terracing the Slope
2. Drain the Slope
3. Retaining Walls
4. Gabons
5. Re-inforcement of rock
6. Rock Bolts
7. Slide prevention Fences