LAB - DETAILED SYLLABUS

2008

BIOLOGY 1611 - LAB SUPPLEMENT - DETAILED GUIDE

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE - Quick Reference--Tape to Notebook
 
  Lab Schedule/Assignments of lab chapters
1-11-08
Failure to attend lab by this date results in removal from the class.
Paperwork 
1-18-08

Intro., Scientific Notation, Scientific Method

1,2, Anatomical Language 3, 

Microscope See Text Ch. 1, Cells Ch. 4.

1-25-08 4, Cells 
2-1-08
5, Transport 
**Egg Osmometer Handout 
Lab Report Subject
2-8-08
6, Tissues 
7, Integument**
2-15-08
8, Membrane; 9-11, Skeleton 9-11.***
Turn in lab drawings
2-22-08 Skeleton 9-11,  Skeleton, 12, 13, Articulations 
2-29-08
Last day to drop with a W is March 11, 2008
 Midterm lab Practical
March 3-9-08 Spring Break!  
3-14-08 Cat and Human Muscles , 14, 15.
3-21-08 Cat and Human Muscles, 14, 15
3-28-08 Nervous Tissue 17; Spinal cord, Spinal Nerves 21
4-4-08 Brain, 19; Cranial Nerves  21
Lab Report Due (40 pts.)
4-11-08 Reflexes 22  Senses 23-24
4-18-08 Review
4-25-08 Lab Practical

 

TEXT REFERENCES FOR THE 7TH AND 8TH EDITIONS OF THE MARIEB
LAB MANUAL are in this order: e.g.,  p. 16 (7th)// p. 18 (8th)

Corequisite: BIOL 1611 Lecture.
 This is a three-hour a week laboratory exercise involving microscopic survey of animal cells and
tissues, skeletal system, muscle system (animal dissection and muscle identification of human
models), nervous system with emphasis on the brain and sense organs. Course must be taken
concurrently with BIOL 1611 Lecture.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. To learn to identify and determine spacial relationships of anatomical structures being studied in
BIOL 1611 or 1612 through the use of concrete, practical examples provided by animal dissection,
models, video laser disk and microscopic slides

2. To develop laboratory skills and techniques; to read and follow directions; and to
perform experiments which require analysis, interpretation of data, and written discussion of the
results

Withdrawals - if a student withdraws from lecture, one is automatically withdrawn from lab and vice versa.
Failure to appear for the first two lab meetings results in withdrawal from lab as a "no show," according
to college policy.

REQUIRED TEXT

1. Mareib, E. N., 2005. Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual. 7th or 8th Ed.,
Cat Edition, Benjamin Cummings, Redwood City, CA.
2. Gloves, dissecting tools and colored drawing pencils are required.

LAB HANDOUTS

Go to http://www.gpc.edu/~fogolla/biolabshandouts.html

Download free graph paper program - specify 1 mm scaling: http://perso.easynet.fr/~philimar/graphpapeng.htm
 

TESTS AND ASSIGNMENTS

 1. There will be at least two practical tests given. Lab is visual learning and visual i.d. of structures is required.
 2. There will be drawings of histology slides submitted - at least 10% of lab grade.
 3. There will be a lab report emphasizing the scientific method (e.g. osmosis lab) counting for at least
15% of the total lab grade. (see appendix 1)

LABORATORY - GOALS

 1. Define, apply, compare and contrast the directional terms of Anatomy.
 2. Identify, use and explain the structures and operations of the microscope.
 3. Define, discriminate, and compare metric units of measurement.
 4. Identify, describe and discriminate the structure and functions of cells, tissues and organs using
skin as an example.
 5. Identify and locate selected bones and cartilages and relate the functions of the skeletal systems
of the human and cat.
 6. Locate and identify selected muscles and interpret their functions in humans and cats.
 7. Identify and locate selected neural structures and relate the functions of the nervous systems of
the human and cat.
 

GENERAL EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES OF GEORGIA PERIMETER COLLEGE
ADDRESSED IN BIOLOGY 1611

OUTCOME: "The student should be able to communicate effectively through listening, reading,
writing and speaking."

Skill  Method

A. Listening: note-taking in lectures

B. Reading: textbook assignments, instructions for tasks

C. Writing: participation in the "writing across the curriculum" program; writing assignments and
discussion test questions

D. Speaking: oral questioning

OUTCOME: "The student should be able to recognize and apply scientific inquiry in a variety of
settings."

Through lecture, writing assignments, and testing, the student will be apply to apply the scientific
method, forming tentative, testable hypotheses to explain natural phenomena, interpreting controlled
experiments, and making conclusions from data. The student should also be able to distinguish
between well-supported scientific conclusions and poorly-supported assumptions and beliefs.

ASSESSMENT OF EXPECTED EDUCATIONAL RESULTS

a. Course Grade

 1. Student grades will be determined by each instructor according to the guidelines presented in the
instructor's course syllabus. Methods will include quizzes, tests, projects, library assignments or
homework as developed by each instructor. Each student will be expected to demonstrate knowledge
and application of the scientific method. Evaluation may require the student to demonstrate skills in
writing.

 2. The final exam will include a comprehensive section amounting to 25% of the total for the exam.
75% will be questions from new material. The exam as a whole will count at least 20% of the grade
for the lecture course.

3. It is strongly recommended that writing assignments and discussion questions should be included
in the course in order to conform to Georgia Perimeter College's commitment to "writing across the
curriculum."

Total Points in LAB Course -Tentative, Typical
Practical Tests (2)
                        130
Lab Drawings
       30
Lab Report
40
TOTAL
200

LAB - DETAILED SYLLABUS

2008

BIOLOGY 1611 - LAB SUPPLEMENT - DETAILED GUIDE

TEXT REFERENCES FOR THE 7TH AND 8TH EDITIONS OF THE MARIEB
LAB MANUAL are in this order: e.g., p. 18 (8th)///p. 19 (9th)

Corequisite: BIOL 1611 Lecture.
 This is a three-hour a week laboratory exercise involving microscopic survey of animal cells and
tissues, skeletal system, muscle system (animal dissection and muscle identification of human
models), nervous system with emphasis on the brain and sense organs. Course must be taken
concurrently with BIOL 1611 Lecture.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1. To learn to identify and determine spacial relationships of anatomical structures being studied in
BIOL 1611 or 1612 through the use of concrete, practical examples provided by animal dissection,
models, video laser disk and microscopic slides

2. To develop laboratory skills and techniques; to read and follow directions; and to
perform experiments which require analysis, interpretation of data, and written discussion of the
results

Withdrawals - if a student withdraws from lecture, one is automatically withdrawn from lab and vice versa.
Failure to appear for the first two lab meetings results in withdrawal from lab as a "no show," according
to college policy.

REQUIRED TEXT

1. Marieb, E. N., 2008. Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual. 9th Ed.,
Cat Edition, Benjamin Cummings, Redwood City, CA.

2. Gloves, dissecting tools and colored drawing pencils are required.

LAB HANDOUTS

Go to http://www.gpc.edu/~fogolla/lvillecampusbiology.htm

Download free graph paper program - specify 1 mm scaling: http://incompetech.com/graphpaper/
 

TESTS AND ASSIGNMENTS

 1. There will be at least two practical tests given. Lab is visual learning and visual identification of structures is required.
 2. There will be drawings of histology slides submitted - at least 10% of lab grade.
 3. There will be a lab report emphasizing the scientific method (e.g. osmosis lab) counting for at least
15% of the total lab grade. (see appendix 1)

LABORATORY - GOALS

 1. Define, apply, compare and contrast the directional terms of Anatomy.
 2. Identify, use and explain the structures and operations of the microscope.
 3. Define, discriminate, and compare metric units of measurement.
 4. Identify, describe and discriminate the structure and functions of cells, tissues and organs using
skin as an example.
 5. Identify and locate selected bones and cartilages and relate the functions of the skeletal systems
of the human and cat.
 6. Locate and identify selected muscles and interpret their functions in humans and cats.
 7. Identify and locate selected neural structures and relate the functions of the nervous systems of
the human and cat.
 

GENERAL EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES OF GEORGIA PERIMETER COLLEGE
ADDRESSED IN BIOLOGY 1611

OUTCOME: "The student should be able to communicate effectively through listening, reading,
writing and speaking."

Skill  Method

A. Listening: note-taking in lectures

B. Reading: textbook assignments, instructions for tasks

C. Writing: participation in the "writing across the curriculum" program; writing assignments and
discussion test questions

D. Speaking: oral questioning

OUTCOME: "The student should be able to recognize and apply scientific inquiry in a variety of
settings."

Through lecture, writing assignments, and testing, the student will be apply to apply the scientific
method, forming tentative, testable hypotheses to explain natural phenomena, interpreting controlled
experiments, and making conclusions from data. The student should also be able to distinguish
between well-supported scientific conclusions and poorly-supported assumptions and beliefs.

ASSESSMENT OF EXPECTED EDUCATIONAL RESULTS

a. Course Grade

 1. Student grades will be determined by each instructor according to the guidelines presented in the
instructor's course syllabus. Methods will include quizzes, tests, projects, library assignments or
homework as developed by each instructor. Each student will be expected to demonstrate knowledge
and application of the scientific method. Evaluation may require the student to demonstrate skills in
writing.

 2. The final exam will include a comprehensive section amounting to 25% of the total for the exam.
75% will be questions from new material. The exam as a whole will count at least 20% of the grade
for the lecture course.

3. It is strongly recommended that writing assignments and discussion questions should be included
in the course in order to conform to Georgia Perimeter College's commitment to "writing across the
curriculum."

Total Points in LAB Course -Tentative, Typical
Practical Tests (2)
                        130
Lab Drawings
       30
Lab Report
40
TOTAL
200

TYPICAL TOPIC OUTLINE - LABS  IN SEQUENCE WITH LECTURE.

Order of the labs is optional as appropriate to the instructor or campus. Labs should follow the sequence of lectures.

Lab #1 Introduction page xviv-xviii//xvii-xviii. Review the metric system and fill-out exercises.

Exercise 1 (all) and Exercise 2, page 19//24 only.
Using the human torso, identify highlighted terms from all figures.
See Exercise 46, ///p. 493 - surface anatomy roundup.

Exercise 2 - Rat dissection is optional

Exercise 3
1. Identify parts of the microscope as per figure 3.1, page 22//28.
2. Practice microscope use with the letter "e" and stacked thread slides. Do not use cheek cells
because of risk of blood product transmission of disease, p. 23-25//30-33.

Exercise 4
1. Use cell models and identify structures as per figure 4.3 page 34//43.
2. Compare and define the structural changes in the four stages of mitosis as per figures 4.4,
page 38-39//46-47.

Lab #2
Exercise 5
Do as per lab manual or use the "Egg Osmometer" experiment handout.

Lab #3
Exercise 6
1. Use histological slides to identify the following tissues. Drawings are labeled with terms in the lab text.
Drawings are required of students. Refer also to the histology atlas p. 729//693.

Lab Drawings

Lab drawings will be assigned and turned in according to the lab schedule. Each will be done in rough during
lab time and the final copy will be done outside of class. Colored pencils will be required for the line drawings.
Each drawing will be on one page and labeled according to the lab book or your instructor's list on the chalk
board. The list follows (tentative): Most drawings are done at 400x magnification, unless noted.

a. cell model
b. mitosis stages on models
c. simple squamous epithelium (surface view)
d. stratified squamous (section)
e. cuboidal from the thyroid slide
f. simple columnar (small intestine)
g. transitional (ureter)
h. ciliated pseudostratified columnar
i. tendon (dense regular fibrous C.T.)
j. areolar (loose, irregular fibrous C.T.)
k. hyaline cartilage
l.  elastic cartilage
m. bone
n. adipose
o. skin section (thin skin or scalp) at 40x scanning magnification.

EPITHELIA: (p. 52-54//70-73)
a. simple squamous epithelium
b. simple cuboidal
c. simple columnar
d. pseudostratified - ciliated columnar
e. stratified squamous epithelium
f.  transitional
g. other types are optional

CONNECTIVE TISSUES: (p. 55-61//74-80)
a. areolar (loose irregular)
b. adipose
c. tendons (dense regular)
d. dense irregular (in dermis)
e. hyaline cartilage
f. bone
g. other types are optional

MUSCLE (can postpone until muscle exercise) (p. 63-64//82-83)
a. skeletal
b. cardiac
c. smooth

NERVOUS TISSUE (can postpone until nervous system)
p. 65//81.

 Exercise 7
1. INTEGUMENT (skin slide and model)
A. Identify structures as per figure 7.1, p. 73-74//92.
a. epidermis
b. dermis
c. hypodermis
d. sebaceous glands
e. sweat glands
f. cornified layer
 

Lab #4 and #5
Exercise 8 - membranes - optional

Exercise 9 - skeleton - refer also to bone atlas p. 740-743//p. 112.
1. Bone markings as per table 9.1, page 83//113.
2. Long bone structure as per figure 9.2, page 85//114.
3. Review connective tissue slides as appropriate.

Exercise 10
Identify axial skeleton structures as per figures beginning pg. 91, fig.s
10.1-10.17//124-125.

Minimum list
1. Fig. 10.1.

  •   Maxilla
  •   Mastoid process of temporal bone
  •   Mandible
  •   Vomer bone
  •   Nasal conchae of ethmoid
  •   Nasal bone
  •   Glabella
  •    Lacrimal
  •    Zygomatic
    -
    2. (figure 10.2)
  •   Coronal suture
  •   Lambdoidal suture
  •   Squamous suture
  •   Occipital bone
  •   Zygomatic process
  •   Occipitomastoid suture
  •   External auditory meatus
  •   Frontal bone
  •   Mastoid process
  •   Sphenoid bone (fig. 10.4) - add pterygoid processes
  •   Styloid process
  •   Mandibular condyle
  •   Coronoid process
  •   Mental foramen
  •   Parietal bones
  •   Hard palate
  •   Palatine bone (horizontal plate)
  •   Vomer
  •   Foramen magnum
  •   Occipital bone
  •   Occipital condyle
  •   Jugular foramen
  •   Carotid canal
  •   Foramen lacerum
  •   Foramen ovale
  •   Sphenoid bone (greater wing)
  •   Ethmoid
  •   Lachrimal
     
  • 3. (figure 10.5 & 10.6 Sphenoid - Lesser wing and Greater wing
  • Ethmoid  (Fig. 10.5).
  • Sella turcica
  • Temporal bone (petrous portion)
  • Internal acoustic meatus
  • Optic foramen
  •  Jugular foramen
  •  Foramen ovale
  •  Foramen lacerum
  •  Cribriform plate of ethmoid

  • 4. Mandible and Hyoid as per figure 10.8.
    5. Sinuses - optional..
    6. Vertebral column as per figure 10.10.
    7. Vertebral abnormalities, fig. 10.11..
    a. Vertebra structures: body, lamina, transverse process, articular facets, spinous process as per
    figure 10.12..
    b. Recognition of types (atlas, axis, cervical, thoracic & lumbar) as per figures 10.13 and Table 10.1..
    8. Sacrum and Coccyx as per 10.14, page 101//102 - minimum identification as units.
    9. Ribs - as per 10.15 and 10.16, page 103 and 104.
    Minimum structures shaft, neck, head & tubercle. Types - true, false, floating.

    Exercise #11 - Appendicular Skeleton
    1. Shoulder girdle - figure 11.1 and 11.2.

  •   Clavicle
  •   Acromion
  •   Coracoid process
  •   Scapula
  •   Spine of scapula
  •   Glenoid cavity
    2. Arm and forearm - all as per figure 11.3 and 11.4.
    3. Hand - all as per figure 11.5.
    4. Pelvic Girdle - figure 11.6.
  •   Iliac crest
  •   Pubic arch
  •   Pubic symphysis
  •   Sacroiliac joint
  •   Ischial spine
  •   Ischium
  •   Obturator foramen
  •   Pubis
  •   Acetabulum
    5. Comparison of a male and a female pelvis as per Table 11.1.
    6. Thigh as per figure 11.7.
  •   Neck of femur
  •   Lateral epicondyle
  •   Patellar surface
  •   Medial epicondyle
  •   Lesser trochanter
  •   Head of femur
  •   Fovea capitis
  •   Linea aspera
  •   Medial condyle
  •   Lateral condyle
  •   Gluteal tuberosity
  •   Greater trochanter
    7. Leg as per figure 11.8.
    8. Ankle and foot as per figure 11.9.

    Exercise 12 - Fetal skull - optional - identify fontanelles as per figure 12.1.

    Lab #6
    Finish bones - Exercises 10 and 11.

    Exercise 13 - Articulations, Table 13.1.
    1. joint types - as per figure 13.4.
    2. knee joint - as per figure 13.7.
    3. hip joint - as per figure 13.8.
    4. movements as per figure 13.5 and 6.
    5. The temporomandibular joint.

    Exercise 14
    1. Slide of skeletal muscle as appropriate as per figure 14.3. Skeletal muscle cell structure.
    2. Neuromuscular junction slide - identify axon terminals, fig. 14.6.
    4. Optional - ATP and sarcomere contraction demonstration. Carolina Biological  Supply procedure
    (contract Dr. Shanholtzer, Dunwoody campus).

    Exercise 15 - Gross anatomy of muscles
     

    For help with cat dissections, see:

    http://mason.gmu.edu/~cmoran4/edit772ad/finalproject/review/index.html

    http://iserver.saddleback.edu/faculty/charrison/anat01.html

    http://www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/biology29.htm

    http://courses.washington.edu/vertebra/453/lab_notes/cat-cardio-respir.htm

    Lab #7 Midterm practical exam

    Lab #8

    Cat dissection exercise #1, p. 752//703.
     1. Identify neck muscles
     2. Thorax muscles, delete pectoantebrachialis.
     3. Abdominal muscles
     4. Posterior shoulder, trunk and neck
     5. Anterothorax add the teres major.
       a. add external and internal intercostals
     6. Deep muscles of posterior thorax
     7. Lateral right forelimb

  •   Triceps brachii
  •   Lateral head (cut)
  •   Medial head
  •   Long head
  •   Brachialis
  •   Brachioradialis
  •        add - Teres major
  •     delete - Epitrochlearis
     8. Medial forelimb
  •   Biceps brachii
  •   Pronator teres
     9. Posterolateral thigh, delete caudofemoralis.
    10. Posterolateral leg.
    11. Anteromedial thigh
    12. Anteromedial leg

    Lab #9

    HUMAN MUSCLES ON MODELS - p. 746-750//197, 675.
     1. Anterior superficial muscles as per figure 15.1 - all///15.2.
     2. Posterior superficial muscles as per figure 15.2  - all///15.3.
     3. Muscles of scalp, face & neck as per figure 15.3a, fig. 15.4, as appropriate to campus model.

  •   Orbicularis oculi
  •   Zygomaticus
  •   Orbicularis oris
  •   Masseter
  •   Temporalis
  •   Depressor anguli oris
  •   Buccinator
  •   Risorius
     4. Muscles of neck and throat as per figure 15.4 a, b,c,, fig. 15.5, fig. 15.6,. as appropriate to your model.
  •   Mylohyoid
  •   Sternohyoid
  •   Sterno/cleidomastoid
  •   Digastric
  •   Sternothyroid
  •   Thyrohyoid
      5. Anterior muscles of thorax, shoulder and abdominal wall as per figure 15.5, fig. 15.6.
  •   Deltoid
  •   Pectoralis major
  •   Serratus anterior
  •   Pectoralis minor
  •   add -Teres major
  •   add -Teres minor
  •   abdominal muscles and intercostals fig. 15.6-15.7.
     6. Back muscles as appropriate to your model and figure 15.8.
      Quadratus lumborum
     7. Posterior muscles of neck, shoulder and thorax as per figure 15.8, a, b and c.
       add - Splenius capitis
     8. Upper arm muscles as per figure 15.9 (all) and for 15.10 (forearm)///fig. 15.10.
  •    Supinator
  •    Pronator teres
  •    others are optional
     9.  Anterior muscles of the pelvis & thigh as per figure 15.11 and fig. 15.12 - all
    structures. Add iliacus and psoas major as appropriate to your model (see the open neurology torso model..
    10. Posterior hip and thigh as per figure 15.11 and 15.12///figs. 15.12 and 15.13 - all.
    11. Anterolateral  aspect of leg as per figure 15.13 , page 150///fig. 15.14, p. 163 - all and flexor digitorum longus.
    12. Posteriormedial aspect of the leg as per figure 15.13.b, 14.14 a and b, fig. 15.15.
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Peroneus
  • Soleus
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
     

    Listing of muscles by model

    Torso - HEAD and neck
    Buccinator
    Risorius
    Orbicularis oIls
    Depressor anguli oris
    Occipitalis
    Galea aponeurotica
    Sternocleidomastoid
    Temporalis
    Masseter
    Mylohyoid
    Sternohyold
    Digastric
    Thyrohyoid
    Trapezius
     

    TRUNK of  Torso Model
    Pectoralis major
    Pectoralis minor
    Teres major
    Teres minor
    Rhomboid
    Trapezius
    Splenius capitis
    Levator scapuli
    External intercostals
    Internal intercostals
    Serratus anterior
    Latisimus dorsi
    External abdominal oblique
    Internal abdominal oblique
    Transverse abdominus
    Rectus abdominus
    Linea alba
    Quadratus lumborum
    Diaphram
    liliacus
    Psoas major
    Illiopsoas
    Quadratus lumborum

    ARM Model
    Subscapularis
    Supraspinatus
    Teres major
    Coracobrachialis (optional)
    Biceps brachii
    Triceps brachii (long, lateral and medial heads)
    Brachialis
    Supinator
    Pronator teres
    Brachioradialis
    others are optional

    LEG Model
    Gracilis
    Sartorius
    Adductor longus
    Adductor magnus
    Rectus femoris
    Vastus medialis
    Vastus lateralis
    Tensor fasciae Iatae
    Biceps femoris
    Semitendinosus
    Semimembranosus
    Gastrocnemius
    Soleus
    Achilles tendon
    Tibialis anterior
    Extensor digitorum
    Peroneus longus
    Flexor digitorum
    Pectineus
    llliopsoas (Illiacus and Psoas major)
    Pectineus
    Peroneus (fibularis)

    Lab #10

    Finish exercises 15 & 16 on muscles as appropriate to the previous lab work, equipment
    available and at option to the instructor.

    Exercise 16A - optional
    Physioex Computer simulation of Skeletal Muscle Physiology, page 165//235.

    Required at Lawrenceville - Do Biopac muscle physiology experiment - manual is on the desk in lab.//Ch. 16A, p. 168-183///235.

    Exercise 17
     1. Identify structures on neuron model as per figure 17.2 - all.
     2. Slide of motor neuron.
     3. Pyramidal cells in celebral cortex slide.
     4. Purkinje cells in cerebellum slide.
     5. Optional - Section of nerve as per figure 17.7.

    Spinal Nerves cat dissection, p. 768-772//721.
    Figures D2.1-2-3, all.

    Exercise 18A - Neurophysiology physioex experiment - optional

    Lab #11
    Exercise 19

      Models.
     1. Brain - all structures as per figure 19.2 (functional brain model) 19.3 & 19.4a and b.
     2. Ventricles as per figure 19.8, as model is available.
     3. Cranial nerves - as per figure 19.9, do tests as per Table 19.1.

    Open Torso neurology model
    Spinal cord
    External intercostals
    Internal intercostals
    Cervical plexus
    Brachial plexus
    Sacral plexus
    Lumbar plexus
    Superior Cervical ganglion
    Middle cervical ganglion
    Inferior cervical ganglon
    Dorsal root of the spinal cord
    Ventral root of the spinal cord
    Sciatic nerve (1)
    Pudenal nerve (11)
    Genitofemoral nerve
    Femoral nerve (e)
    Phrenic nerve
    Rami communicantes
    Cauda equana
    Filum terminale
    Conus medularis
    Cervical plexus
    Pectoral plexus
    Lumbar plexus
    Sacral plexus

    VERTEBRA MODELS
    Rami communicantes
    Sympathetic trunk
    Dorsal branch of the spinal nerve
    Ventral branch of the spinal nerve
    Dura mater
    Arachnoid mater
    Pia matter
    Central canal
    Gray matter
    White matter
    Dorsal root ganglion
    Spinal canal
    Lateral corticospinal tract
    Cuneatis fasiculis
    Gracilis fasiculis
    Vertebral arteries

    BRAIN MODELS
    Frontal lobe
    Parietal lobe
    Occipital lobe
    Temporal lobe
    Central sulcus
    Transverse fissure
    Saggital sulcus
    Parieto-occipital sulcus
    Lateral sulcus
     Broca's area
    Wernike’s area-Auditory
    Primary auditory area
    Visual association area
    Primary visual cortex
    Precentral gyrus
    Primary motor
    Post central gyrus
    Primary somatosensory association area
    Prefrontal cortex
    Gnostic area
    Corpus callosum
    Lateral ventricles
    Fornix
    Thalamus
    Third ventncle
    Choroid plexus
    Pineal body/gland
    Cerebellum
    Arbor vitae
    Pons
    Medulla oblongata
    Spinal cord
    Hypothalmus
    Mammillary body
    Fourth ventricle
    Choroid plexus
    Olfactory bulb
    Optic chiasma
    Lateral ventricle
    cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)

    CRANIAL NERVES

    Olfactory nerve (I)
    Olfactory tract
    Olfactory bulb
    Optic nerve (II)
    Optic chiasma
    Optic tract
    Oculomotor nerve (Ill)
    Trochlear nerve (IV)
    Trigeminal nerve (V)
    Abducens nerve (VI)
    Facial nerve (VII)
    Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
    Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
    Vagus nerve (X)
    Accessory nerve (Xl)
    Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
     

    SHEEP BRAIN - optional
    Preserved Sheep Brain.
     1. Dorsal brain as per figure 19.10 and 19.11.
     2. Ventral view as per figure 19.11 b.

    .3. Midbrain as per figure 19.12.
     3. Sagittal section as per figure 19.13.
     4. Sectional view 19.14 is optional.

    Structure list
    Cerebral hemisphere
    Corpus callosum
    Fornix
    Thalamus
    Optic chiasma
    Optic nerve tract
    Parietal lobe
    Cerebellum
    Pineal body
    Arbor vitae
    Lateral ventricle
    Fourth ventricle
    Third ventricle
    Medulla oblongata
    Pons
    Hypothalamus

    Lab #12

     Exercise 20 - Electroencephalography is optional

     Exercise 21 - Spinal cord and spinal nerves.
     1. Spinal cord model as per figure 21.1 and 21.2.
     2. Spinal cord slide as per figure 21.4.
     3. Spinal nerves as per figure 21.5, as appropriate to models
    available.

    Nerves on Arm Model
    Radial
    Median
    Musculocutaneous
    Axilary
    Ulnar

    NERVES on Leg Model
    Femoral nerve
    Sciatic nerve
    Peroneal/fibular nerve
    Tibial nerve

    REFLEXES
       1. Do reflex tests as per Chapter 22. Minimum: patellar reflex, achilles reflex, plantar reflex, and
    pupillary reflex.

     #13

    EYE MODEL
     1. Human eye model as per figure 24.1, page 243, figure 24.2, and figure 24.3.

    Preserved sheep eye - optional
     1. As per figure 24.6.
     

    Eye Model
    Inferior rectus muscle
    Superior rectus muscle
    Lateral rectus muscle
    Medial rectus muscle
    Superior oblique muscle
    Trochlea
    Optic canal
    Optic chiasma
    Cilliary body/muscles
    Suspensory ligament
    Cornea
    Iris
    Pupil
    Chamer of aqueous humor
    Lens
    Viterous humor
    Sclera
    Choroid
    Retina
    Macula lutea
    Fovea centralis
    Blind spot

    EAR MODEL
    Pinna
    Helix
    Lobe
    External auditory canal
    Ear drum/tympanic membrane
    Facial nerve
    Malleus
    Incus
    Stapes
    Oval window
    Round window
    Semicircular canals
     Lateral
     Posterior
     Anterior
    Eustacian tube
    Cochlea
    Vestibule
    Utricle
    Saccule
    Vestibulochochlear nerve and branches
        Vestibular branch
        Cochlear branch
     

     GENERAL SENSATION
       1.  As per chapter 23, do two point discrimination and adaptation tests. Others are optional.
     

    VISUAL TESTS
    p. p. 271-277//363.
     1. Demonstration of blind spot.
     2. Visual acuity.
     3. Test for astigmatism.
     4. Opthalmoscopic examination - optional

     Exercise 25 - Hearing and equilibrium
     Ear Model
     1. All structures as per figure 25.1, figure 25.2 and figure 25.5.

    Hearing tests
     1. Rinne & Weber tuning fork tests, p. 283//383.

      Exercise 26 - Taste & Olfaction - optional

    Lab #14 - Final lab practical

    COURSE DESCRIPTION AND POLICIES

    BIOLOGY 1611 Lecture. This is a first quarter course in Human Anatomy and
    Physiology designed to meet requirements for nursing students, physical education
    majors and students preparing for careers in certain health sciences. Topics covered
    include animal cell structure and function, cell chemistry, cell division, metabolism,
    tissues. skeletal system and nervous system.

    1611 Lab. This is a three hour per week laboratory exercise involving microscopy of
    tissues, macroscopic examination of preserved skeletal systems, cat muscle
    dissections, examinations of models of muscles and nervous systems, and preserved
    nervous systems.

    Prerequisite: C grade in Chemistry 1911, lecture and lab or an equivalent college
    chemistry course such as Chem 1421, and relevant developmental course
    requirements. A C grade or better in High School Chemistry taken during the
    previous five years may substitute for Chem 1911. Knowledge of Chem 1911
    material may be challenged by test only previous to the Biology 1611 course by
    formal application to the academic department head. Students must document
    fulfillment of prerequisites by the second class. Failure to comply with prerequisites
    will result in removal from the course by the departmental Chair.

    Corequisite: Biology 1611 Lab. Biology 1611 Lecture is a corequisite for Biology 1611

    CHEATING AND PLAGIARISM

    Any student observed cheating by formally complaining students and confirming instructor, will be notified and
    prosecuted according to college policy. Plagiarism, that is, claiming as one's own work, the work of another
    will be treated as cheating.

    Cheating  includes any attempt to defraud, deceive, or mislead the instructor in arriving at an honest grade
    assessment. Plagiarism is a form of cheating that involves presenting as one’s own ideas the ideas or work of
    another. Formal appeal and prosecution procedures are outlined in the Georgia Perimeter College
    Student Handbook .

    Cheating of any kind may result in a penalty ranging from a grade of zero for the work in question to a grade of F
    in the course and will be referred to the College Court for an assignment of a penalty that may include suspension
    from the college. Referral to the College Court is required whether the student admits or denies the violation.

    The following are selected examples of cheating or plagiarism.

    A.  On a test or quiz:
    1. Looking at or copying from another student’s work.
    2. Allowing another student to look at or copy your work.
    3. Exchanging information with another student
    4. Speaking or whispering. You may however speak to the instructor any time.
    5. Opening a textbook or notebook.
    6. Looking at notes.
    B. On homework or other out-of-class assignments:
    1. Copying work or answers from another student.
    2. Copying work or answers from a book.
    3. Having another person do the work for you.
    4. Allowing another student to use your work as his/her own.

    C. For late work or tests:
    1. Providing false information or documents in order to be allowed to make up a missed test,
    quiz, or homework.

    Attendance and Withdrawal

    Attendance will be taken daily.  Students who accumulate three consecutive absences before
    midterm or a grand total of  four absences will be dropped from class. Only registered students
    are permitted in class and lab. Tardy attendance or early departures will be counted as 1/2
    absences. Disruptive behavior such as talking during lectures and consistently coming late
    to class will be orally noted to the student on the first occurrence. The second occurrence
    will be notified by writing to the student with a copy to the departmental chair. See the
    rights and responsibilities of students  in the Georgia Perimeter College
    Student Handbook and College Catalog.

    Students who do not appear for classes in the first two weeks of the lab course will be withdrawn as "no shows,"
    according to college policy. The last day to withdraw from the class without a grade and with a W notation in
    your record is the midterm date published in the schedule of classes. After that date a formal withdrawal
    results in an automatic F or the summary grade for the course, unless petition is made as below.

    Hardship withdrawal from all courses must be petitioned to campus Dean's office with notice o
    f intent given to the Instructor.  Students must have at least a C average up to the time of a
    hardship withdrawal. After midterm, failure to take tests will result in zero grades computed
    in your class average and an F grade may be entered for the course as the overall average dictates.

    Incompletes: Formal petition must be made to the Instructor, copied to the
    Department Chair, Ms. Mariam Dittmann for an Incomplete grade. Incomplete
    grades must be made up by the end of the following term unless extended by appeal to the
    department chair. No more than two tests, including the final, may be made up in lecture or lab,
    respectively.

    Withdrawal from Lecture results is withdrawal from Lab and vice-versa.  Students are
    responsible for all announcements made in class, whether  attended that class or not.
    Withdrawal from class is the responsibility of the student other than as noted above.

    TESTS - TYPICAL POLICY

    Tests will normally be returned within 1-3 class days following the test date. The

    Final Exam will not be returned to the student. Students may not leave after the lab
    period tests. If this occurs, the Quiz will not be graded and recorded. All point totals
    are tentative. All midterm evaluations will be based on at least two tests in lecture
    and lab. Students will be encouraged to confer with the instructor before midterm.

    Make-up Tests: for major Tests, Make Up tests will be entirely essay unless made
    up before the regular test is returned. Students may not make up more than two
    major tests in any one week. No Lab Quiz Make Up Tests will be given more than
    two weeks after the Lab was missed.

     Questions:
                 Matching, True-False, fill-in-the-blank, identify indicated structure from slides, and short
                 discussion questions will occur.
     

     Spelling:
               fractions of points will be subtracted for poor spelling. Whole points will be deducted if the
               spelling is incomprehensible.
     

    ASSIGNMENTS

    Extra Credit Assignments

    Self-paced learning programs on computer disks, hard drives or CD-Rom may be
    given for extra credit. In order to receive the full allotment of points, all questions of
    the accompanying handout must be answered correctly. Interactive Physiology
    subjects are available in the Open Computer Lab in A bldg.,  in the ISS lab in the B bldg,
    or on the lab computer in open lab periods.

    A.D.A.M. - OPTIONAL

    The ADAM dissectable anatomy exercises in the required workbook will be done in the Instructional Support
    Services Math and Science lab, the open computer lab or on the lab computer in open lab periods.
    See the anatomy home page for the schedule of times. Do each exercise only
    in conjunction with current lectures on that subject. The exercise, complete with drawings, must be handed in
    at the time of the test on that subject in lab.

    Writing Assignments
     

    Lab Writing Assignments - for the Egg Osmometer Lab

    A.  As participation in a campus-wide Writing Across the Curriculum program, One LAB REPORT will be
    submitted according to the schedule in the Syllabus. Each typewritten- paper will consist of:

    Title: The title of the report should be centered at the top of the page. Title also each section below.

    Introduction: The introduction should be a concise statement providing the basic background material
    concerning the subject of the report, a full discussion of the theory of enzymes or osmosis. Give a full
    discussion of the steps of the Scientific Method. Define and explain all terms. Major theories relevant
    to the experimentshould be described here. Assume that the reader is not knowledgeable about the subject
    of the experiment, and provide the reader with the background material that will be necessary to understand
    the experiments.Proper citations must be made for quoted or transcribed text.

    Purpose:  The purpose should be a very brief statement of the reasons for doing the experiments.
    The purpose section should state the hypothesis being tested and the predicted results,
    (for each test tube) of the experiments assuming your hypothesis is correct. There should be only
    one purpose section for the entire report though it may contain several hypotheses, one for
    each experiment.  Identify the controls and explain why they are controls.

    Procedure: In this section you are to cite ONLY those changes made in the methods outlined
    in the laboratory exercises. Also cite where the procedure can be found in detail. Do NOT copy
    the procedures from the labmanual!

    Results:  Write out the results in paragraph form in which you refer to graphs or tables. Also, the
    results from the various experiments are to be presented in tabular form AND, whenever possible,
    in graphic form. Alltables and graphs should be titled with uniform scales. Explanation of any symbols
    used should be given.
     a) all graphs are to be made on finely calibrated graph paper or done with the computer
     b) all lines are to be made with a ruler
     c) units for both axes of a graph must be stated
     d) scales on both axes should be given

    Discussion and Conclusions:

    This section ties the entire lab report together. The data obtained (presented in the Results section) should be
    interpreted and explained. Relate the results to the background material presented in the Introduction. You
    should discuss how your results substantiate or refute your hypothesis and predictions. Any discrepancies
    between the expected results and actual results should be explained. Explain the biological significance of the
    results and the concepts being tested. In this section you should briefly state the generalization that you can
    draw from the experiments and its relevance to natural processes in the human body.
     

    The writing will be evaluated for proper grammar, content, accuracy and relevance.  Late articles will have
    points deducted. Papers not conforming to specifications by having missing sections will be returned to
    students for corrections. When returned the paper will be evaluated as a late paper with 10-30% of the
    possible point total deducted, depending on the number of weeks transpired. Papers poorly done but with
    all the required sections will be graded immediately without the privilege to resubmit. The first version of
    the paper will be resubmitted with the corrected version. Mistakes made on the first version will influence
    the final assignment grade.
     

    Lab Drawings

    Lab drawings will be assigned and turned in according to the lab schedule. Each will be done in rough during
    lab time and the final copy will be done outside of class. Colored pencils will be required for the line drawings.
    Each drawing will be on one page and labeled according to the lab book or your instructor's list on the chalk
    board. The list follows (tentative):

    a. cell model
    b. mitosis stages on models
    c. simple squamous epithelium (surface view)
    d. stratified squamous (section)
    e. cuboidal from the thyroid slide
    f. simple columnar (small intestine)
    g. transitional (ureter)
    h. ciliated pseudostratified columnar
    i. tendon (dense regular fibrous C.T.)
    j. areolar (loose, irregular fibrous C.T.)
    k. hyaline cartilage
    l.  elastic cartilage
    m. bone
    n. adipose
    o. skin section (scalp)
     

    GRADES - TYPICAL

    Grades may be determined any time in the course by placing your total earned
    points (numerator) over (as a fraction) the total points possible (denominator),
    excluding Extra Bonus Question Credit. For example, you scored 36/50 on a Lecture
    test: divide 36/50 = 72%. Standard grade scale will be used; i.e., 90%=A, 80-89=B,
    70-79=C, 60-69=D, and below 60%=F. The grade appeal procedure is found on p. 74-
    75 of the Georgia Perimeter College College catalog.

    OFFICE HOURS

    As per instructor.
     

    Audio-Visual Aids

    Slides, films and video tapes will be used on occasion. Note taking is required.
    Audio-visual aids are placed 'on reserve' in the Gwinnett Center Library and are
    available on the lab computer. See the handout given with the syllabus. An
    electronic study guide may be found at www.gpc.peachnet.edu/~jaliff/alifhoma.htm.

    ADDITIONAL SUPPLIES

    Bring your textbook to lecture as I frequently refer to diagrams there.

    HEALTH WARNINGS

    Certain laboratories include use of strong acids, solvents and preservatives. Any
    pregnant women or hypersensitive individuals would report their condition to the
    instructor and to their physician, preferably before contact with the materials (see
    lab exercises). Additional instructions for lab will be presented during the first lab.
    Students are required to follow all instructions. Students failing to conform to lab
    rules and safety precautions will be first warned by removal from the lab. On second
    offense students will be removed from both lecture and lab.
     
     

    COMMON COUSE POLICIES FOR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

    a. Course Grade

     1.  Student grades will be determined by each instructor according to the guidelines presented in the
    instructor's course syllabus. Methods will include quizzes, tests, projects, library assignments or homework as
    developed by each instructor. Each student will be expected to demonstrate knowledge and application of the
    scientific method. Evaluation may require the student to demonstrate skills in writing.
     2. The final exam will include a comprehensive section amounting to 25% of the total for the exam. 75% will
    be questions from new material. The exam as a whole will count at least 20% of the grade for the lecture
    course.

    3. It is strongly recommended that writing assignments and discussion questions should be included in the
    course in order to conform to Georgia Perimeter College's commitment to "writing across the curriculum."

      b. .Divisional Assessment

    Conducted at five year intervals beginning in the Fall quarter of 1995, Biology 111
    lecture assessment will be done in conjunction with Biology 111 laboratory assessment
    and Biology 112, lecture and lab assessment. Multiple-choice questions using Scantron
    sheets will be given to each student of Biology 111 and 112, lectures and labs. The
    assessment questions will be graded and a part of the final exam.

    Scantron sheets will be accumulated by the Curriculum Committee for Anatomy and
    Physiology and then sent to the Georgia Perimeter College Office for Academic Assessment.
    The Academic Assessment Office and the Curriculum Committee will report the statistical
    results in three categories, "successful" means that 70% or more of the multiple-choice
    questions were answered correctly, "moderately successful" means that 50%-69% of
    students answered the questions correctly, "unsuccessful" means that less than 50% of
    students answered the multiple-choice questions correctly.

      A.Use of Assessment Findings

    The Curriculum Committee for Anatomy and Physiology will then report a summary of
    findings on the achievement of educational goals and learning levels and recommended
    changes in curriculum to the Dean of the Division of Science. The Dean of Science will
    then form a Review Committee constructed of full-time Biology faculty not teaching
    anatomy and physiology, and one representative of the Curriculum Committee for
    Anatomy and Physiology to review the Curriculum Committee's summary. The Review
    Committee is also empowered to recommend changes in curriculum. The Curriculum
    Committee for Anatomy and Physiology will formulate a response to the Review
    Committee's report. The Dean of Science will then report to the Dean for Instruction,
    who, with the Curriculum Committee, will oversee yearly progress in implementing the
    recommended changes in curriculum. The Division Dean will prepare an annual
    assessment report to the Biology faculty.

    ANTIDISCRIMINATION AND ACCESS STATEMENTS

    Nondiscrimination statement

    Georgia Perimeter College supports the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order
    # 11246, Title IX of the Educational Ammendments of 1972, section 504 of the Rehabilitation
    Act of 1973, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. No person shall, on the basis of age,
    race, religion, color, gender, sexual orientation, national origin or disability, be excluded from,
    participation in, or be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimnination under any
    program or activity of the college.

    Any individual with a grievance related to the enforcement of any of the above provisions
    should contact the Assistant Director of Human Resources, Ombudsperson.

    Revision Approved by College Advisory Board 10/17/02 - Moved from Section 400 to Section 200 of the CPC Policy Manual

    Statement of Academic Freedom
    Georgia Perimeter College endorses the Statement of Academic Freedom adopted by the
    American Association of University Professors in 1940, as it has been amended from time
    to time. Specifically,

     a. Teachers are entitled to full freedom in research and in the publication of the results,
    subject to the adequate performance of their other academic duties; but research for
    pecuniary return should be based upon an understanding with the authorities of the institution.

     b. Teachers are entitled to freedom in the classroom in discussing their subject and related material.

     c. College and university teachers are citizens and members of a learned profession.
    When they speak or write as citizens, they should be free from institutional censorship or
    discipline. They should at all times be accurate, should show respect for the opinions of
    others, and should indicate that they are not speaking for the institution when appropriate.

    In adopting the AAUP statement, the College does not necessarily adopt interpretations
    of the statement that are inconsistent with Georgia Perimeter College’s primary mission
    as a two-year teaching college within the University System of Georgia; however, the
    College acknowledges its respect for the experience of other academics and institutions
    in the interpretation of the statement.

    In addition, Georgia Perimeter College recognizes that students are free to take reasonable
    exception to the data or views offered in any course of study, while meeting the responsibility
    to learn the content of the course and maintaining the standards of academic performance
    established for the course. Specifically, the College recognizes the right of the student to
    free thought and orderly free expression in an atmosphere that is conducive to learning
    and free of ceercion and unreasonable interference.

    Reference: www.aaup.org - Approved by Faculty Senate, Academic Affairs Policy Council,
    College Advisory Board 4/2000

    Multiple Campus Statement
    Students taking lecture and lab at different campuses should be aware that, while the content
    is the same, the order of topics may be different. Students are responsible for covering the
    material as required by each instructor.

    Academic Honesty
    Academic Misconduct is defined as cheating and/or plagiarism. Cheating includes any attempt
    to defraud, deceive or mislead the instructor in arriving at an hones grade assessment. Plagiarism
    is a form of cheating that involves presenting as one’s own, the ideas or work of another. Any
    student found by the instructor to have engaged in academic misconduct on a graded test,
    assignment, or examination may be assigned a zero for that assignment, assigned an F in the
    course, and/or be charged with cheating in the Georgia Perimeter College student judiciary
    process. Students found guilty of cheating may be dismissed from the class or from the college.
    The GPC student handbook describes the regulations governing these procedures.

    Americans with Disabilities Act Statement
    If you are a student who is disabled as defined under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
    and require assistance or support services, please seek assistance through the Center for Disability
    Services (CDS). A CDS counselor will coordinate these services.

    Equal Opportunity Statement
    No person shall, on the grounds of race, color, sex, religion, creed, national origin, age or disability
    be excluded from employment or participation in, be denied the benefits or, or otherwise be subjected
    to discrimination under any program or activity conducted by GPC.

    Affirmative Action Statement
    Georgia Perimeter College adheres to affirmative action policies to promote diversity and
    equal opportunity for all faculty and students.

    Academic Respect
    The college exists to foster educational excellence. To this end, a classroom atmosphere that
    supports learning must be maintained. Students are expected to be active, attentive participants
    in the class. Students are also expected to abide by class policies and procedures and to treat
    faculty and other students in a professional, respectful manner. Students are expected to be
    familiar with the student conduct code published in the Student Handbook.

    Regent’s Test Statement
    Students are required to take the Regent’s test. Each student has two attempts to pass this test
    before he or she accumulates 45 hours of collegiate credit. After two attempts, or after reaching
    45 hours, a student will be required to take classes to prepare for the test. These classes are
    three credit hours each. (The test is free; the courses require tuition payment.) After accumulating
    54 or more credit hours, a student may not take any collegiate level courses until he or she c
    ompletes the preparation classes and passes the Regent’s test. Students should sing up for the
    test when enrolled in or immediately following the completion of ENGL 1102 and prior to
    accumulating 45 credit hours.

    Instructional Support Services
    The math and Writing Center (ISS) offers free individual tutoring on a drop-in basis. Tutoring
    is available in a wide variety of collegiate courses as well as in learning Support courses.
    Professional, degreed personnel conduct tutoring. Hours are posted on the web at
    www.gp.peachnet.edu/—1awiss/index.htm. Office location and phone numbers will be forthcoming.

    Lab Waiver Policy
    Students with special medical conditions (pregnancy, nursing, immune deficiencies, etc.)
    who have documentation from their (licensed) physician may request a waiver of lab until a
    later date. Students must present this documentation to the department chair at the time of
    the request.

    Right-to-Know Training
    All personnel working in the Science Department must complete the Right-to-Know
    Training (see Websites) and submit documentation of this training to the department to be kept on file.