STUDY GUIDE – EXAM I
(Chapters 2 & 3)
Be able to define the
following key terms:
- Energy
- Kinetic energy
- Potential energy
- Chemical energy
- Electrical energy
- Element
- Atomic number
- Mass number
- Isotope
- Molecule
- Compound
- Solution
- Solvent
- Solute
- Ionic bond
- Covalent bond
- Hydrogen bond
- Hydrophobic
- Hydrophilic
- Polar
- Nonpolar
- Dehydration synthesis
reaction
- Hydrolysis
- Exergonic reaction
- Endergonic reaction
- Catalyst
- Acid
- Base
- Buffer
- Denaturation
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Hypotonic
- Hypertonic
- Isotonic
- Active transport
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
- Membrane potential
- Chromosome
- Chromatid
- Chromatin
- Gene
- DNA polymerase
- DNA ligase
- RNA polymerase
- Transcription
- Translation
- Anticodon
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
- Cleavage furrow
- Extracellular matrix
- Cell differentiation
- Apoptosis
- Hyperplasia
- Atrophy
- Telomeres
Key Concepts
CHAPTER 2 – Basic
Chemistry
- Be able to identify the
three types of bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen bonds).
- Be able to identify the
parts of a chemical reaction.
- List the factors
influencing the rate of chemical reactions.
- Describe the properties of
water that make it ideal for use in living organisms.
- Explain the importance of
buffers in living organisms.
- Name the four classes of
organic compounds.
- Provide examples of each
class of organic compound.
- Identify the primary
functions of each class of organic compound.
- Identify the structural
levels of proteins.
- Understand the importance
of enzymes in living organisms.
- Know the basic structure of
an amino acid and a nucleotide.
- Identify the five major
nitrogeneous bases found in nucleic acids.
- Understand the importance
of ATP in living organisms.
CHAPTER 3 – Cells
- Understand the fluid mosaic
model of the plasma membrane.
- Identify the components of
the plasma membrane.
- Give examples of materials
that can and cannot cross the plasma membrane.
- Identify the types of
membrane junctions.
- Identify the passive and
active processes used by the cell to move materials across the plasma
membrane.
- Understand the effects of
a(n) isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solution on a cell.
- Know the primary functions
of each of the following organelles:
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
- Lysosomes
- Peroxisomes
- Cytoskeleton
- Microfilaments and
Microtubules
- Centrioles
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Understand the events of
the cell life cycle.
- Know the stages of mitosis.
- Understand the events
involved in DNA synthesis.
- Know the key enzymes
involved
- Understand the events
involved in protein synthesis.