BIOL 1611 – Anatomy & Physiology I                  Name_______________________

HOMEWORK SHEET – Introduction to Nervous System

1. The peripheral nervous system includes the
   1. Somatic nervous system.
   2. Brain.
   3. Spinal cord.
   4. Nuclei.
   5. All of the above.

2. The part of the nervous system that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands is the
   1. Somatic nervous system.
   2. Autonomic nervous system.
   3. Skeletal division.
   4. Sensory division.

3. Neurons have cytoplasmic extensions that connect one neuron to another. Given these structures:
   1. Axon
   2. Dendrite
   3. Dendritic spine
   4. Presynaptic terminal

4. Neuroglia that are phagocytic within the central nervous system are
   1. Oligodendrocytes.
   2. Microglia.
   3. Ependymal cells.
   4. Astrocytes.
   5. Schwann cells.

5. Cells found in the choroids plexuses that secrete cerebrospinal fluid are
   1. Astrocytes.
   2. Microglia.
   3. Ependymal cells.
   4. Oligodendrocytes.
   5. Schwann cells.

    

6. Clusters of nerve cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system are
   1. Ganglia.
   2. Fasicles.
   3. Nuclei.
   4. Laminae.

7. Gray matter contains primarily
   1. Myelinated fibers.
   2. Neuron cell bodies.
   3. Schwann cells.
   4. Oligodendrocytes.

8. Compared to the inside of the resting plasma membrane, the outside surface of the membrane is
   1. Positively charged.
   2. Electrically neutral.
   3. Negatively charged.
   4. Continuously reversing so that it is positive one second and negative the next.
   5. Negatively charged whenever the sodium-potassium pump is operating.

9. Nongated ion channels
   1. Are open in response to small voltage changes.
   2. Open when a ligand binds to its receptor.
   3. Are responsible for the ion permeability of the resting plasma membrane.
   4. Allowing substances to move into the cell but not out.
   5. All of the above.

10. Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+ affects the resting membrane potential by causing
    1. Hyperpolarization.
    2. Depolarization.
    3. No change.

11. Local potentials
    1. Spread over the plasma membrane in decremental fashion.
    2. Are not propagated for long distances.
    3. Are graded.
    4. Can summate.
    5. All of the above.

12. During the depolarization phase of an action potential, the permeability of the membrane
    1. To K+ is greatly increased.
    2. To Na+ is greatly increased.
    3. To calcium ions is greatly increased.
    4. Is unchanged.

13. During repolarization of the plasma membrane,
    1. Na+ diffuse into the cell.
    2. Na+ diffuse out of the cell.
    3. K+ diffuse into the cell.
    4. K+ diffuse out of the cell.

14. Concerning concentration difference across the plasma membrane, there are
    1. More K+ and Na+ outside the cell than inside.
    2. More K+ and Na+ inside the cell than outside.
    3. More K+ outside the cell than inside and more Na+ inside the cell than outside.
    4. More K+ inside the cell than outside and more Na+ outside the cell than inside.

15. The major function of the sodium-potassium exchange pump is to
    1. Pump Na+ into and K+ out of the cell.
    2. Generate the resting membrane potential.
    3. Maintain the concentration gradients Na+ and K+ across the plasma membrane.
    4. Oppose any tendency of the cell to undergo hyperpolarization.